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Topic 2The Renaissance and The Religious Conflicts

 

Sent by Cheat Sheets and classified under Social sciences and Secondary at 12, November, 2008.

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The Renaissance
The Humanism.
Humanism is a movement of cultural rebirth that was born in Italy in the 15th century and was spread along europe in the 16th century.Main features.
1. It is a new way of thinking based on classic culture: a rebirth of ideas from ancient Greece and Rome.
2. Humanists are interested in the human being and its relation with the nature.
3. They consider that the human being is the centre of the world and the culture.The human being has and freedom, what considered that god was the centre of everything.
4. The trust in the human being and the critical spirit have influence on the new scientific method, based on the experimentation and have also influence on the religious reformation.
The humanism was spread thanks to:
1. The printing ... (Continuous)
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Natural environment

 

Sent by Cheat Sheets and classified under Social sciences and Secondary at 5, November, 2008.

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ECOSYSTEM:An ecosystem is a comunity of plants and animals wnhich interact with each other and their natural surroundings. LIVING ENVIRONMENT: Consist of climate, rocks and soil. BIOMES:Are vast areas of similar vegetation.ENERGY FLOWS:Is the link of trees, plants, animals and elements of the phtsical environment withing each ecosystem.DESCOMPOSERS:Is when a living being die and the nutrients returned to the soil ready to be used again.
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Sociales 2

 

Sent by Cheat Sheets and classified under Social sciences and Secondary at 22, October, 2008.

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Foreign affairs: 1)Isolation of France:Isabel ensured long-term political stability by arranging strategic marriages for each of her 5 children.2)The outer territorial expansion:Fernando intervened in Napoles(Italy).Castilla was divided into two lines of action,North Africa and Atlantic.
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Sociales 2

 

Sent by Cheat Sheets and classified under Social sciences and Secondary at 22, October, 2008.

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south America;-Hernando Cortes:He discovered central America, where the Aztecs had their territories.-Francisco Pizarro:He discovered the lands where the Inca people were, in Peru.2)Advantages of empire:-Gold and silver,the two wealthiest metals, -the new world acted as a king of safety, -The god´s chosen nation was the quick to conquest, -New crops were introduced(potato,etc), -The new world was a new market where european products could be sold, -Cultural effects(spread catholicismand spanish language), -Discovery was the real knowledge of the world.3)Disadvantages of empire: -Many native people were killed, -The economy was based on slave labour (encomienda), -Landscape and ecosystem changed, -The empire underlined the limited power of the Spanish government, -Economically Spain was divided into rich and poor people.
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Sociales 2

 

Sent by Cheat Sheets and classified under Social sciences and Secondary at 22, October, 2008.

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Columbus gets to travel to find a new route to China and the Indies, -With 3 ships and a crew of 90 , arrived in palo´s cape the 3 of August.They stopped off in the Canaries, -Columbus returned triumphant in 1493.Catholics got the pope to draw up a special bull(caetera), which gave them a title to all the lands that might be discovered.Portugal complains because it seems to threaten their interests.The treaty of Tordesillas(1494), which draws a line of demarcation between the 2 empires.Exploration and settlement was slow-moving as the conditions.Success and failure in the exploration of the new world:1)The conquistadors: - Columbus:With the hispaniola, he discovered sto Domingo and south America;-Hernando Cortes:He discovered central America, where the Aztecs had their territories.-Francisco Pizarro ... (Continuous)
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Sociales 2

 

Sent by Cheat Sheets and classified under Social sciences and Secondary at 22, October, 2008.

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Reasons for exploration and discovery:1)Rivalry between Spain and Portugal:-Using of compass, astrolabe and other types of navigator instruments.There were three important navigators:-Prince Henry th navigator explored the west African coast.-Bartholomew Diaz got the cape of good hope.-Vasco Da Gama got the land to India.2)Spanish support for Columbus:-Desire to discover new lands, -Financial and economic considerations, -a new reconquista, that spread christianity among pagans, -Columbus reaches India by sailing westwards and get there before the portuguese.The new world:-Easy way by the treaty of Alcasovas(1479), and good relations with Portugal, -Columbus gets to travel to find a new route to China and the Indies, -With 3 ships and a crew of 90 , arrived in palo´s cape the 3 of August.They stopped off in the Canaries, -Columbus returned trium ... (Continuous)
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Sociales 2

 

Sent by Cheat Sheets and classified under Social sciences and Secondary at 22, October, 2008.

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2)Securing the Tudor dynasty: Henry VII was able to pass the throne to his son, Henry VIII.
3)Henry VII:I tell you 3 things that Henry VII did as king:1.-In 1486 Henry married Elizabeth of York.2.- After the wars of the Roses, between the two houses ( York and Landcaster), the country wanted order, peace and stability.3.-The nobles had become more wealthy and powerful. Many had private armies.Henry used the law to control these families.4)Henry VIII:He was of the most famous kings in England.He had six wifes, he owned 60 palaces, 2000 tapestries, 90 swords and almost 2000 books.He spent so much money on weapons and wars.
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Sociales 2

 

Sent by Cheat Sheets and classified under Social sciences and Secondary at 22, October, 2008.

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reorganized, - Royal Audiencia and regional Audiencias, -Treasury(to collect more taxes), -Royal agents:corregidores, etc.4)Religious affairs:-Inquisition:To maintain orthodoxy and unity among the catholic subjects of the crown.-Jews/muslims:To persecute the jews converted to Christianity.
-Foreign affairs:1)The battle of Bosworth field. 22 August, 1485,Richard III , king of England, member of house of York and Henry Tudor, from the house of landcaster, wanted to take the throne, and there was a battle. Henry Tudor won the battle because powerful lands decided to help Henry, not Richard. And finally, Richard died.
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Sociales 2

 

Sent by Cheat Sheets and classified under Social sciences and Secondary at 22, October, 2008.

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2)The territorial expansion:-1492:the conquest of Granada and Columbus discovers America. -1493:Aragon added Roselló and Cerdanya.-1499:Castilla occupied Canary Islands.-1512:Annexation of Navarra.
3)The government:-the reforms of the government quaranteed the resources for final completion of the reconquest in 1492.-The political ideal was a preeminent monarchy, superior in authority to all other institutions.-There are three objectives:1)Asert royal sovereighty.2)Put aristocracy in its place.3)Restore public order.How?-Formation of sta. hermandad, -the army is modernized and permanent, -Castilla Royal council reorganized, - Royal Audiencia and regional Audiencias, -Treasury(to collect more taxes), -Royal agents:corregidores, etc.4)Religious affairs ... (Continuous)
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Sociales 2

 

Sent by Cheat Sheets and classified under Social sciences and Secondary at 22, October, 2008.

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THE CATHOLIC KINGS:
-Domestic affairs:1)The dynastic union:This is the consequence of pressure of politics in both kingdoms.the factors of this union are the need of juan II to govern, and the need of isabel to have a royal mate on whom she could rely to strenghten.There was a castilla succesion crisis with the death of enrique IV, there were two optinos;or isabel or juana.After 5 years, isabel won the battle at Toro, supported by Fernando. After their marriage, there was an union of crowns, the kings collaborated on religious and foreign policies; retaining distinct parliamentary and administrative institution in each kingdom. Castilla looked to Africa and Atlantic Ocean ; and Aragon looked to Italy and Western Mediterranean.
2)The territorial expansion:-1492:the conquest of Granada and Columbus discovers America. - ... (Continuous)
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